stress and law enforcement Essays -- essays research papers

Management and Dealing with Stress in OfficersIt is important that law enforcement ships police officeholders are able to handle stress and build his or her zone of stability. Officers take a crap a ready-made support system in each separate. They better understand the special problems and feelings that come with the job that friends and family members dont. That doesnt necessarily typify that this relationship with their fellow officers will cure all. Sometimes, because of the macho image that law officers uphold, they will give back negative feedback in a situation where an officer needs comfort. For example, an officer shoots someone in the line of duty and is having an emotional struggle with it, and a fellow officer (who thinks he is supporting that officer) ramp ups a newsmonger like, Good job, that dirt bag deserves it. In a situation like that, a fellow officer feels worse and more stressed. It is very important for management, whether police or correctional, to ma ke sure that they behind properly help out their officers when needed. There are many things that happen on the streets and in prison that can severely effect an officer. It is only with a good management system and staff that officers will have the proper support to move on.A study stressor is when a law enforcement officer must deal with death. No one is mentally or emotionally prepared to deal with death. When a law enforcement officer has to notify the next of kin, they must pass through stages of notification. The first stage is to prepare by creating a self-protecting sense of social distance for the officer. An experienced officer will be more concerned with containing the emotions of the recipient rather than their concern for how they will cope. The next stage is the delivery. It only takes a few seconds to deliver the news, and the officer will use their badge, uniform, and the formality of the delivery as a way to protect him/herself from this personal situation (Looney & Windsor 1982). Dealing with the pain that you see in other people is a major adjustment. It will take time and experience for a law enforcement officer to cope with this aspect of the job.The most traumatic core in a law enforcement officers job is dealing emotionally with the involvement in a shutting incident. Officers may suffer from pos... ...lp make a team run smoothly and efficiently. Support must always be shown from management to its officers. Reducing stress in officers can effectively help the team run better. Especially in times of need, like death, management needs to step up and use the techniques they have been trained to safely help their officers in troubled times. With a management that can properly help out their team, the team can move on and run efficiently and effectively. When officers need help with an aspect of the job emotionally, and management can step in to help, the officer will feel better knowing that management is on their side and that they ar e based one hundred percent. A good management can make the difference between and O.K. team and an outstanding team.ReferencesJacobson, Edmund (1978). You essential Relax. New York McGraw Hill.Looney, H. & J. L. Windsor. (1982) Death Notification Some Recommendations. The Police Chief. March, rapscallion 30-31.Solomon, R. M. (1988). Post-Traumatic Trauma. The Police Chief. October, page 40-44.Solomon, R. M. (1990). Administrative Guidelines for Dealing with Officers involved in on-duty shooting situations. The Police Chief. February, page 40.

Cloning Essay -- essays research papers fc

CloningFor galore(postnominal) years, the cloning of adults, animals or humans has been mostly the object of science fiction, something unforeseen by man. However, The world was shocked in February of 1997 when British scientist, named Ian Wilmot announced that his research team successfully cloned lamb named dolly from an adult sheep at the Roselyn Institute in Scotland.(1) For what seemed like a dream for many years quickly turned into reality. The newest and possibly the most controversial phenomena in curing human disease, a phenomenon rectify known as cloning, was born. Through extinct the history of man, human disease has been considered a leading cause of death. Since antiquity, physicians explored assorted remedies in order to cure various maladies. Ancient physicians made enormous contributions to new-fashioned medicine. Even though, immaculate progress has been made in modern medicine, there are numerous cases of fatal diseases, for which modern medicine has no cure. Granted like a shots technological advancements, general practitioners are still using several of the ancient techniques and ideas in order to make progress in todays research and development. Scientists observe historical data and ideas in order to help generate new ones. A well known belief to man, the belief of rebirth came from the ancient Egyptians who believed that there was life after death and preserved the body of their rulers through a process of mummification. This is a process of preservation that kept the buffer body and shape of the ruler for his/her return to earth. Although, this may seem a bit anomalous to the western man, contemporary technology brings this the idea of reincarnation or recreation to life, creating new ways to fight disease. Modern science takes the idea of human life and its regeneration and brings it to life through the process of cloning. In 1938 a German scientist Hans Spemann proposes a "fantastical experiment" to transfer one cells n ucleus into an egg without a nucleus, the basic method that would eventually be utilise in cloning. Fourteen years later in 1952 Briggs and King clone tadpoles. Another scientist John Gurdon clones frogs from differentiated cells in 1962. In 1969 Shapiero and Beckwith isolate the first gene. By 1973 Cohen and Boyer create first recombinant DNA organisms. 1978, the release of David Rorviks book, In His Image The Cloning of a... ...reproductivecloning.net/hosting/waite/15) CNN.COM February 28, 2002 Posted 624 AM EST (1124 GMT) ACCES DATE APRIL 18 202 CDocuments and SettingsRafaelMy DocumentsCNN_com -Superman star hails cloning move - February 28, 2002.htm6) http//www.bioexchange.com/news/news_page.cfm?id=11426OutlineTopic/Thesis The newest and possibly the most controversial phenomena in curing human disease, a phenomenon better known as cloning, was born. 1)     Origin of human cloninga) Reincarnation b) From 1938-dollyc) Feb. 1997 Ian Wilmont announces the birt h Dolly2)     Pros/cons+ Treating disease+ Benefit economy+ Feed the needy-     Violates animal rights-     Took 277 attempts to clone Dolly-     Expensive3)     Three types of cloninga) Embryo cloningb) Adult DNA cloning c) Therapeutic cloning4)     Recent developmenta) January 2001-An endangered Asiatic ox called a gaur dies two days after birth of an ordinary disease after it was cloned and gestated in the womb of a cow.

A Good Man is Hard to Find1 :: essays papers

A Good Man is Hard to Find1A Good Man is Hard to FindIn A Good Man is Hard to Find Flannery OConner tells the story of a family in route to their Florida vacation and the trouble the grandmother gets them in. The grandmother does not want to go to Florida on vacation and tries many methods of changing her son, Baileys mind. Although she tries many methods, none of them have the effect on him she desires. Bailey is as stubborn as his mother, completely shutting the door on every proposition his mother makes. When she finally makes some progress in delaying their travels things go horribly. Bailey and his family discover the hard itinerary just how ironic life can be. The grandmother uses many excuses for the family to go to Tennessee instead of Florida on vacation. The first of her many excuses is The Misfit, a serial killer that has get away from prison and is headed toward Florida, claiming that she would never take her children anywhere near a man like that. This didnt have the desired effect on Bailey so she explains to him and his married woman how the children need more variety and they should take the children to see different parts of the world, East Tennessee for example. Once again her plea to Bailey and his wife had no effect. Even after(prenominal) they had left home she continued to try and divert them from their coarse. Finally succeeding when she convinced the children they would like to visit an old plantation home she had visited during her own childhood. in that respect were many clues as to what was unfolding during the story, although one would have trouble noticing them upon initial reading. The first of the clues was, of coarse, the mentioning of The Misfits escaping from prison. As the family was eating at a small eatery the second clue was given. The owner was discusing with grandmother the criminal nature the society has compared to the old day an example was three men had stolen gas from him only a few days earlier. The next clue ca me after grandmother and the children persuaded Bailey to turn off the main passageway in search of the old plantation home. The road had not been driven on in months, suggesting the perfect, deserted, hiding places for escaped prisoners. While traveling down the dirt road grandmother remembered that the house was actually in Tennessee, not Georgia.

Black Like Me: A Cultural Book Report :: Black Like Me Essays

potty Howard griffin was a journalist and a professional on race issues. After publication, he became a leading advocate in the Civil Rights Movement and did much to promote awareness of the racial situation sand pass legislature. He was middle decrepit and living in Mansfield, Texas at the time of publication in 1960. His desire to know if gray whites were racialist against the Negro population of the Deep South, or if they unfeignedly judged people based on the individuals soulfulnessality as they said. Because of this he felt that they had encouraged him to home run the color line and write Black Like Me. mendBlack Like Me is the story of a man named John Howard Griffin, who underwent a series of medical treatments to change his skin color temporarily to erosive a transformation that was complete when John Howard Griffin shaved off his hair, and looking in the mirror, saying a bald, middle-aged black man. The reason he does this is for an investigate to see how racism w as in the Deep South from personal experience. From November 6th to December fourteenth in the early 60s, he hitchhiked, walked, and rode by dint of Mississippi, Alabama, Louisiana, and Georgia. After tercet weeks in the Deep South as a black man John Howard Griffin produced a journal covering his change into the black race, his travels and experiences in the South, the shift back into white society, and the response of those he knew prior his experience. The book was published and released. The reaction on the society differed in great ammounts.CharacterizationJohn Howard Griffin is the main character in the story. Throughout the story, this person displayed many qualities. He showed termination because he was bound and determined to become a black man so he could expose the truth about the Deep South and how racist they were. He also showed courage, for being able to pull through and do the things he did, such as become a whole new person of another race and going into dangero us territory where he knew he wasnt really welcomed. He also displayed a sense of dignity, because after he was do with this experiment, he was threatened several times and even ruin in effigy in his hometown, but he until now maintained his ground as long as he could. And last, but not least, he showed us a sense of hope, because no matter what, even in the darkest times, he would still keep at least a small arcsecond of hope in him.Black Like Me A Cultural Book Report Black Like Me Essays John Howard Griffin was a journalist and a professional on race issues. After publication, he became a leading advocate in the Civil Rights Movement and did much to promote awareness of the racial situation sand pass legislature. He was middle aged and living in Mansfield, Texas at the time of publication in 1960. His desire to know if Southern whites were racist against the Negro population of the Deep South, or if they really judged people based on the individuals personality as they said . Because of this he felt that they had encouraged him to cross the color line and write Black Like Me.PlotBlack Like Me is the story of a man named John Howard Griffin, who underwent a series of medical treatments to change his skin color temporarily to black a transformation that was complete when John Howard Griffin shaved off his hair, and looking in the mirror, saw a bald, middle-aged black man. The reason he does this is for an experiment to see how racism was in the Deep South from personal experience. From November 6th to December 14th in the early 60s, he hitchhiked, walked, and rode through Mississippi, Alabama, Louisiana, and Georgia. After three weeks in the Deep South as a black man John Howard Griffin produced a journal covering his change into the black race, his travels and experiences in the South, the shift back into white society, and the reaction of those he knew prior his experience. The book was published and released. The reaction on the society differed in gr eat ammounts.CharacterizationJohn Howard Griffin is the main character in the story. Throughout the story, this person displayed many qualities. He showed determination because he was bound and determined to become a black man so he could expose the truth about the Deep South and how racist they were. He also showed courage, for being able to pull through and do the things he did, such as become a whole new person of another race and going into dangerous territory where he knew he wasnt really welcomed. He also displayed a sense of dignity, because after he was done with this experiment, he was threatened several times and even burned in effigy in his hometown, but he still maintained his ground as long as he could. And last, but not least, he showed us a sense of hope, because no matter what, even in the darkest times, he would still keep at least a small bit of hope in him.

National Debt :: Argumentative Economics Economy Papers

National Debt I agree with what was said above. The debt although large will never consider to be paid off. tart off social services in the regimen is non and will not solve the problem it will only prolong it. The social government shutdown that went in effect at 1200a.m. monday night does not solve a thing. It only cuts what some people desperately need to servive. unbowed this will save our government some money, but not near enough to erase the debt. Mr. Clinton came into office wanting to make health care affordable for all. Mrs. Clinton made a name for herself trying to get her health care plans passed. Now they turn around and pull this shutdown. I realize the shutdown is not all his falt, but he is the President and he should get negotiations moving in a positive direction. Our government needs to start comprimising both sides of the proposals. antiauthoritarian and Republican ideas need to be combined in order to get something passed that will work. If the government is so c erstrned with the national debt then they need to work something bug out instead of just dragging the problem out with the parshall govt shutdown. My proposal to some of the national debt is to start selling some of the items in our stock houses. I once saw 60 minutes do a piece on the stock houses. It amazed me on how many items we have in surplus. You see, the govt buys articles off of businesses when they need them during a war time production. After the war is over though, the govt continues to purchase the same amount of goods even though we dont need them. This allows the business who sells the product to happen their head above water and profit a little which in turn allows the workers to have more money and purchase more goods. This is nice of our govt to do this, but the surplus items should be used or sold to Americas

National Debt :: Argumentative Economics Economy Papers

National Debt I agree with what was said above. The debt although large will never unavoidableness to be paid off. Cutting off social services in the government is not and will not solve the problem it will only(prenominal) prolong it. The social government shutdown that went in effect at 1200a.m. monday night does not solve a thing. It only cuts what some mountain desperately contain to servive. True this will save our government some money, but not near enough to erase the debt. Mr. Clinton came into office wanting to construct health care affordable for all. Mrs. Clinton made a name for herself trying to get her health care plans passed. Now they turn around and pull this shutdown. I realize the shutdown is not all his falt, but he is the President and he should get negotiations moving in a positive direction. Our government inescapably to start comprimising both sides of the proposals. Democratic and Republican ideas need to be combined in order to get som ething passed that will work. If the government is so concerned with the national debt because they need to work something out instead of just dragging the problem out with the parshall govt shutdown. My proposal to some of the national debt is to start selling some of the items in our stock houses. I once saw 60 minutes do a piece on the stock houses. It amazed me on how many items we view in surplus. You see, the govt buys articles off of businesses when they need them during a war time production. After the war is over though, the govt continues to secure the same amount of goods even though we dont need them. This allows the business who sells the product to keep their head above water and profit a little which in turn allows the workers to have more money and purchase more goods. This is nice of our govt to do this, but the surplus items should be used or sold to Americas

Sop Cassava Processing

Document ID timeworn Operating Procedures Title Print Date transmission line-CA2 CASSAVA PROCESSING 08/07/2012 Revision Written By Date Prep ard 01 Ayodele E. J.AJAYI, normal Manager Operations 08/07/2012 Effective Date Reviewed By Date Reviewed mm/dd/yyyy mm/dd/yyyy Approved By Date Approved mm/dd/yyyy Applicable Standard None Company ORIGIN Group of Companies Limited Vege fresh Foods Limited, Nigeria. In Africa, casava is largely used for human utilisation in various puzzle outs ranging from boiling the fresh tuber to processing it into manioc starch flour. pic Cassava starch in the making freshly harvested roots roll along a conveyor belt at a processing plant in Brazil pic Cassava Starch. Policy It is a policy of this Company to provide Standard Operating Procedure documents that cop instructions on how to perform assigned tasks. Purpose The purpose of this document is to ensure that routine tasks on the farm ar performed safely , qualitatively and in accord with applicable regulations. Below are approximately of the ways, this Standard Operating Procedure could have direct or indirect positive impact on ORIGIN Groups Agric business performance a) People need consistency to achieve top performance. This sop will reduce system variation, which is the enemy of action efficiency and quality control. b) This SOP will facilitate raising.Having complete step-by-step instructions helps trainers ensure that nothing is missed and provides a reference resource for trainees. c) This SOP nominate be an excellent reference document on how a task is done and what are the expectations from employees filling in on the jobs they do not perform on a regular basis. d) This SOP faecal matter help in conducting performance evaluations. They provide a common understanding for what needs to be done and shared expectations for how tasks are completed. e) Employees can coach and support each other if there is documentation a vailable on exactly how various tasks mustiness be done and everyone knows what their co- tapers are supposed to be doing.This can also help generate a more cooperative team approach to get all the daily tasks done correctly, everyday. f) This SOP encourages regular evaluation of work activity and continuous improvement in how things are done. Scope This SOP is compose for issue Managers, Lab Technician, Factory workers and Sales Distributors. The specific tasks within Cassava Processing are covered. This SOP does not cover the Cassava Production, Harvesting and Marketing. Responsibilities The Production Managers, Lab Technician, Factory workers and Sales Distributors should be responsible for coordinating and implementing the Cassava Processing Factory and product sales tasks.The Production Manager is responsible for training and managing the Factory Workers, Supervisors, Lab Techs etc Production Manager should support the objectives policies of the Company and provide input to further beatment of SOPs. He/she would be responsible for planning, organizing, supervising and managing the activities of the complete factory and the routine maintenance of all factory equipment. Factory Workers are expected to discharge their duties efficiently and in compliance with the Standard Operating Procedures, work manual and equipment manual provided. The Standard Operating Procedures 1. 0 Cassava processing Cassava processing aims at increasing the quality and storability of cassava tubers.This enhances the ability of the farmers to develop additional products, such as baking products out of cassava flour. It further ensures reduction or total elimination of undesirable toxic constituents in cassava so that it is suitable for human consumption. A. Producing Cassava Flour and Chips I. Using low-cyanide varieties Freshly harvested cassava is peeled using a knife. The peeled cassava is wherefore swear out and slice into smaller pieces (chips). These are then dried o n a raised platform under direct sun for about 2 geezerhood or specially-made driers, until moisture content of about 8 to 10 % is reached. Properly dried chips become tough to break, but crumble into flour when hit with a hard item like a hammer.The drying process should be done continuously and the drying chips should not be exposed again to water to avoid molding. The chips whitethorn then be ground or milled into flour dried chips store better than flour. II. Using high-cyanide varieties Freshly uprooted cassava are peeled and sliced into smaller pieces (chips). The sliced chips are then dried in the sun for about 3 days to about 14 % moisture content. The chips are then soaked in water for 8 hours, and dried again to a moisture content of about 8 %. B. Producing manioc Fermented cassava dough Gari is a creamy-white or yellow dried cassava product, common in West Africa. It is prepared by peeling the outside of the tuber skin and swear out. The washed tubers are then grated using a grater.It is then packed in bags with holes to drain off the liquid and left to ferment for 1 to 5 days, depending on the preferred flavour. The fermented material is then pressed to let out the extra water leaving a cassava cake. The remaining cake is broken candid and spread on frying metal trays above a fire. The particles are fried until crisp and dry, about 10 % moisture content. The gari is then cooled, sieved and packed for sale or storage. C. Cassava Starch extraction After washing and peeling, roots are grated to release starch granules. The starch milk water containing hang granules then, separated from the pulp, after which the granules are separated from the water by sedimentation or in a centrifuge.At that point, the starch requires solar or artificial drying to overthrow moisture in front being milled, sieved and packed. In artisanal production systems, daily starch output ranges from 50 to 60 kg of starch per worker, while semi-mechanized processing can yield up to 10 tonnes a day. In modern, fully mechanized starch extraction plants, daily output is as high as one hundred fifty tonnes. Cassava Processing Equipment I. Traditional cassava processing does not require sophisticated equipment. Processing cassava into gari requires equipment such as grater, presser and fryer. The traditional cassava grater is made of flattened kerosene tin or iron sheet perforated with nails and fastened onto a wooden board with handles.Grating is done by rubbing the peeled roots against the rough perforated surface of the iron sheet which tears off the peeled cassava root flesh into mash. In upstart years, various attempts have been made to improve graters. Graters which are belt-driven from a static 5 HP Lister type engine have been developed and are being extensively used in Nigeria. Its capacity to grate cassava is about one ton of fresh peeled roots per hour. II. For draining wasted liquid from the grated pulp the sacks containing the grated pu lpy mass are slowly pressed down using a 30-ton hydraulic jack press with wooden platforms, before sieving and roasting into gari. Stones are used in traditional processing to press out the excess moisture from the grated pulp.Tied wooden frames are used for this purpose in places where stones are not available. Pans made from iron or earthen pots are used for roasting the fermented pulp. Fuel wood is the mad or source of sinew for boiling, roasting, steaming and frying. Fuel wood may not be easily and cheaply obtained in the future because of rapid deforestation. III. Slight changes in the equipment used in processing can help to save fuel and lessen the discomfort, health hazard, and drudgery for the operating women. The economic success of any future commercial phylogenesis of cassava processing would depend upon the adaptability of each processing stage to mechanization.However, the first step to take for improvement of cassava technologies should be to improve or convert the simple processing equipment or systems presently used, rather than to change entirely to new, sophisticated, and expensive equipment. Storage of cassava processed products Processing, particularly drying and roasting, increases ledge life of cassava products. Good storage depends on the moisture content of the products and temperature and relative humidity of the storage environment. The moisture content of gari for safe storage is belong 12. 7%. When temperature and relative humidity are above 27C and 70% respectively, gari goes bad (Igbeka 1987). The type of bag used for packing also affects shelf life depending on the ability of the material to maintain safe product moisture levels.Jute and hessian bags are recommended in dry cool environments because they allow dear ventilation (Igbeka 1987). When gari, dried pulp and flour are well dried and properly packed, they can be stored without loss of quality for over one year. dry out cassava balls (kumkum) can be stored for up to 2 years (Numfor end Ay 1987). Chickwangue, Myondo and Bobolo can be preserved for up to 1 week but they can be kept for several more days when recooked. Cassava leaves as vegetable I. Cassava shoots of 30 cm length (measured from the apex) are harvested from the plants. The hard petioles are removed and the blades and young petioles are pounded with a pestle in a mortar.A variation of this process involves blanching the leaves before pounding. The resulting pulp is then boded for about 30-60 minutes. In some countries, the first boiled water is decanted and replaced. Pepper, palm-oil and other aromatic ingredients are added. The mixture is then boiled for 30 minutes (Numfor and Ay 1987). Unlike the roots that are fundamentally carbohydrate, cassava leaves are a good source of protein and vitamins which can provide a valuable supplement to predominantly starchy diets. Cassava leaves are cryptical in protein, calcium, iron and vitamins, comparing favorably with other green vegetables generally regarded as good protein sources.The amino acid composition of cassava leaves shows that, except for methionine, the indwelling amino acid values in cassava exceed those of the FAO reference protein (Lancaster and Brooks 1983). II. The total essential amino acid content for cassava riff protein is similar to that found in hens egg and is greater than that in oat and rice grain, soybean seed, and spinach leaf (Yeoh and Chew 1976). While the vitamin content of the leaves is high, the processing techniques for preparing the leaves for consumption can lead to huge losses. For example, the prolonged boiling involved in making African soups or stews, results in considerable loss of vitamin C. III. Cassava leaves form a significant part of the diets in many countries in Africa.They are used as one of the preferred vegetables in most cassava exploitation countries, particularly in Zaire, Congo, Gabon, Central African country, Angola, Sierra Leone, and Liberia. The cassava leav es prepared as vegetable are called sakasaka or pondu in Zaire, Congo, Central African Republic and Sudan, Kizaka in Angola, Mathapa in Mozambique, Chigwada in Malawi, Chombo or Ngwada in Zambia, Gweri in Cameroon, Kisanby in Tanzania, Cassada leaves in Sierra Leone, Banankou boulou nan in Mali, Mafe haako bantare in Guinea, and Isombe in Rwanda. They are mostly served as a sauce which is eaten with chickwangue, fufu, and boiled cassava. Revision History Revision Date Description of changes Requested By 01 08/07/2012 Initial Release References http//www. fao. org/index_en. htm http//www. fao. org/ag/agp/agpc/gcds/ picThe international Cassava Partnership, a consortium formed under the auspices of the FAO-facilitated Global Cassava Development Strategy by international organizations, including FAO, CIAT, IFAD and IITA, national research institutions, NGOs and snobbish partners. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA). Starting a Cassava Farm IPM matter Guide for Extensions Agents. 2008 International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA). disorder Control in Cassava Farms. IPM Field Guide for Extension Agents International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA). Weed Control in Cassava Farms. 2000. IPM Field Guide for Extension Agents In-Service Training Trust (ISTT). Cassava Production Field Guide. 2008. NRDC Campus, Lusaka, Zambia. ORIGIN Groups SOP Confidential and Proprietary Page 6

Narrative Assignment

Unit 2 narrative Assignment Kaplan University Pamela Baker HU 300 25 Folk tale, fairy tales, and fables have been used for generations and have been passed down from generation to generation to teach children ab emerge morals, whats right and wrong, cultures and believes. The emotional connection to feelings that children violate from them will help them develop a sense of belonging. Folk tales, fairy tales and fables have changed over time depending on how and where they are told but the outcomes are forever and a twenty-four hour period the same. My favorite fable growing up was Aesops the Tortoise and the Hare.This fable was about a hare that thinks he is faster than anyone else. He is always boosting about how he is so fast that no one can beat him. He is always piking on the tortious about how slow he is. One day the tortious is fed up with the hair and his bragging and tells him that he can be beat. The hair laughs and asks by who you? The tortoise agrees to race the hair. They decide to start the race archeozoic the next morning. The tortoise started at a slow and steady tread. Since the tortoise is moving at a slow and steady pace. The hare feels that the tortoise is moving so slow he has time to take a nap even before he starts racing.When he awakes he sees that the tortoise is only about a third of the way to the dismiss line. The hare then decides to get in something to eat. He eats and eats until he is full. Now with his belly full and the warm sun shining he starts felling genuinely heavy eyed so he decides to take another nap. This time when he awakes he sees that the tortoise has almost made it to the finish line. The hare jumps up and rushes out of the field. The hare runs and runs as fast as he can towards the finish line. He is running so fast he become so tired. He is too tired and cannot make it across the finish line because he is too tired.The tortoise that has kept going at a slow and steady pace is not tired at all. He is able t o crosses the finish line. The moral of this fable is that it is better to pace yourself then to procrastinate and then rush to get it done. You can get more accomplished and accomplished well if you take your time. I also think that another lesson that could be removeed is that it is not expert to detainment boosting about thing that you are better at than everyone else. It is also not nice to pick o people when they cannot accomplish or perpetrate at the same rate as you.I do think that the morals that could be learned from fairy tales, folk tales and fables could indeed effect the guiding of an souls action. If an individual understands the story being told then they will learn and will think twice about their actions. They will also learn that they should keep other individuals feelings into consideration. The narrative or story obese depend on which culture the story is being told. Communication a lesson though story telling parents, caregivers and educators can create an emotional connection to feelings.This is a lot different than just giving a child a list of ruses to follow. Children tend to learn and retain better if it something fun. Rather than give them a set of rules. Families have used folk tales, fairy tales and fables to teach children a lesson or morals for some generations. Though the stories have changed over the years and cultures are not the same the meaning of the story is still remained the same. References Janaro, R. P. , & Altshuler, T. C. (2012). The art of being human The humanities as a technique for living (Kaplan University 3rd custom ed. ). New York Pearson Education.

Impact of Illegal Drug Use Among Teens

For all over one hundred years, the United States has been dealing with the phthisis and ab work of illegal drugs. The federal establishment has spent billions of dollars since 1906 toilsome to stop the production, distribution, possession and use of drugs. The warfare on drugs has been long and apostrophizely with minimal progress made. Although the use of illegal drugs among teenagers has reduced, their abuse of prescription medicine drugs has risen substantially. medicine use is a very serious problem among school age and college-age individuals and is pre move on every campus across this country.Even though the war on drugs is ongoing, the political sciences efforts to reduce drug trafficking has had little effect on the use or abuse of illegal drugs among teenagers. Drug abuse continues to plaque our nation, causing remainder along its path, thither seems to be no escape from this alarming trend. The most important challenge for drug policy is to reverse these dangerous trends. Illegal drugs atomic number 18 easily accessible they ar in our homes, schools, businesses and even in the jails and prisons. They affect most quite a little in this nation in some form or a nonher, whether abusing them themselves or k immediatelying someone who does or has abused them.The use of drugs early among teens is peculiarly dangerous, and often lead to unproductive, unhealthy behavior. Involvement in criminal evaluator system, juvenile delinquency, premature sexual activity (which exposes them to sexually transmitted diseases and increase the riskiness of unwanted pregnancies), are all associated with the use of illegal drugs. The staggering cost for unnecessary health care, auto accidents, crimes resulting from drug use and extra law enforcement has caused even much than damage to an already failing economy.If the government is to move forrad in its attempt to fight the war on drugs, it has to create effective drug policies and develop better programs to stop the onset of initial drug use. reservation fuckn todays youth about the dangers of illegal drugs pass on prove far more beneficial than simply using scare tactics with harsher penalties. A key component in the fight to save the children from drugs is effective drug education. The Narconon drug curriculum will teach them why they should say NO, by helping them understand the lasting damage of drugs.In tackling the teenage drug problem, first, we take a modality to determine what some of the risk factors are that whitethorn view as led them come out that path from the beginning. How a child interacts in various settings the like at school, with teachers, their peers, siblings, parents and in their neighborhood can make for a crucial role in their emotional, social and cognitive development. If they begin to act out in the class, fail classes, have poor social coping skills, begin to associate with the amiss(p) force and change in overall perception about things they k straightaway are wrong like lying, drugs, crimes, etc.These are all red flags and should be investigated and addressed immediately. You have to try talking with them or taking them to see a professional to find out what is wrong, if possible, change their environment, maculation them around positive peers, get them bear on in sports, church, social clubs. Do whatever it takes to prevent things from spiraling out of control, utilize all your resources. Try to let the child know you are there and that you care about what they are going through, this could make all the difference, in whether or not you reach them.If parents read, educate themselves of the dangers in using drugs, then and besides then will they be able to teach their children how to getting involved in drug use. To compile enough research for a well-rounded stem sites like the Office on study Drug Control Policy, National Institute on Drug Abuse, the Internet, ProQuest, and the Ashford Online Library were used. Th ese sites along with early(a)s sources contained an abundance of information, enough selective information to create an informative paper.This research pointed out the social and health cost of illicit drug use, and further identified that drug-related illness, death and crime, cost the nation over one hundred billion dollars a year. The Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN) reports, of the 263,871 emergency department visits by adolescents age 12-17, nearly one tenth part (8. 8 percent) involved suicide attempts, almost three of every four (72. 3 percent) were females. Of the 95. 4 percent drug-related suicides pharmaceuticals were involved and more than three-fourths (77. 0 percent) end with follow-up care (SAMHSA, 2008).The greatest cost of all drug abuse is paid in the lost of human lives, either directly through overdose, or drug abuse-related diseases such as tuberculosis, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and hepatitis. (NIDA & NIAA, 1992). It was important to conduct th is research to make readers aware of just how bad society is failing the youth of this nation. The United States government cannot do it by itself. This is a national problem and it is going to take a nation to solve it, everyone has to help or this fight will be forever lost.After an almost ten- year decline, marijuana is on the rise again among teens. High school seniors reported that they have pot more than behinds according to the National Institute on Drug Abuse recent Monitoring the Future survey. While 21. 4% admitted to using marijuana in the last 30 days, scarce 19. 2% smoked cigarettes during the same time frame. This was the first time since 1981 that pot was used more than cigarettes in that age group. Although the public health campaigns to reduce cigarette smoking among teens consider this a victory, its decline can mainly be contributed to the rise of marijuana use.Many kids seem to feel that smoking pot is simply not that big of a deal, after all, it is only pot e ven eighth graders do not accept the risk is that great. This type of attitude explains why there is a 1% increase of daily use for eighth graders and a 3% increase for tenth graders and is an indication that marijuana use will likely continue to climb as these kids move closer to graduation. About one out of four seniors and one in four tenth-graders said they smoked marijuana in the last year.Obama administrations drug czar, Gil Kerlikowske, blames state medical marijuana measures like Californias Proposition 19 for making pot seem less dangerous to young Americans. Calling marijuana smoked medicine is absolutely incorrect, young people have taken the wrong message (Healy, 2010, p. A-10). According to the director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse, Dr. Nora Volkow, because teenagers brains are still developing the increased daily use of marijuana is particularly disturbing, since it has been known to cause learning and memory damage.The fact that they use marijuana more fre quently puts them at a greater risk of becoming dependent on it and other drugs. The use of the club drug Ecstasy has increased among eighth- and tenth graders but not all drugs showed an increase. The abuse of the prescription aggravator medication Vicodin was down to 8% compared to 9. 7% in 2009 and the illicit use of opioid painkiller OxyContin rose among tenth-graders but remained steady with twelfth- graders. The use of drugs confirming for wariness deficit disorder, (ADHD) for non- medical reasons in the last year among high school seniors is 6. % and is about the same for amphetamines use (Healy, 2010). One of the latest growing teenage trends, which centers on the sampling of a variety of prescription drugs and then drinking intoxicant is causing much concern. Kids feel that prescription drugs are safer than street drugs, because they are order by a doctor and are usually purchased in a drug store.This is simply not true they actually are more sinewy which makes them e ven more dangerous especially when adding alcohol to the mix. Nora Volkow, says, Kids are not pharmacologists, they may say, Fentanyl OxyContin- whats the difference? So they take a bunch of things and may combine them with alcohol, that is a deadly miscalculation (Jetters, A, 2010-2011, p. 146). To achieve feelings of euphoria, the amount of opioid painkillers needed is so close to the amounts that can kill you. If you add alcohol or tranquilizers like Klonopin, Valium, Xanax, which also depresses the brains respiratory center. Just one gin and tonic combined with a 40 mg methadone pill can be fatal. They are playing a very dangerous game of Russian roulette, one that they clearly do not understand.When you compute of drugs and how they got into the United States, most of us think about them coming from another country, like maybe Mexico or somewhere in South America. However, more now than ever we need look no further than our own medicine cabinets. The days of taking an aspirin or Tylenol for a headache, backache or toothache are long gone. We can now look in our medicine cabinets and choose from a variety of powerful leftover painkillers previously prescribed to us for various aches and pains. For over the past 20 years, four times the number of opioid prescriptions was written.Doctors prescribed them at a rate of more than 180 million per year. By providing patients with enough medication to ease their pain, doctors believe it aids in the healing process and allows the patient to focus on getting well and not on the pain. This type of rationale may have caused doctors to over medicate, thereby prescribing painkillers for even the slightest pain. Painkillers like Vicodin, OxyContin, and Percocet are even prescribed to children that have barely reached adolescence. This may explain why they are the most abused pills among 12 and 13- year- olds (Jetters, A, 2010-2011, p. 148).Dentist and oral surgeons are prescribing opioid for simple procedures like molar extractions. In addition, the kids are being sent home with way more pills than they need. Yes, kids feel pain just like adults however doctors cannot simply prescribe these potent drugs and then forget how long and how many pills the kids are taking, that is a recipe for disaster. If your children are prescribed these or any medication for that matter, be sure to monitor their usage. You should count them and if there is cause for concern, take them and store them in a secure place under lock and key and dispense the correct amount to them yourself.You must be sure to properly dispose of all expired or smart medication, take every precaution when doing so. Many experts are now advising people not to flush them in the toilet because it may pollute the water. If you throw them in the trash, place them in a bag mixed with cat litter, c saturnineee grounds or anything that will discourage your kids from looking for them. Talk to other parents and family members, especially if your ch ild visits their homes often advise them to safeguard their prescription drugs as well. Check around your community to see if there is a prescription pill- drop off point.More towns are sponsoring these sites to assist in disposal of medicines in hopes of possibly cutting back on teenage drug use. As parents, you must realize that you play a big role in how your children view prescription drugs and whether or not they will end up abusing them. Many teenagers believe that parents will be less concerned or upset if they are caught misusing prescription drugs because, after all they are legal. A clear message needs to be sent to them, letting them know that you do care if they illegally use prescription drugs just as you would if they abused any other illicit drug.It is important that they know if they are in trouble they can come to you for help regardless of what the problem is, even drugs. Pill popping is so popular among kids because the high is not instantly detected like marijuan a and alcohol. It is definitely easier to buy pills than beer, you do not have to wait for the store to open or need a person twenty- one over to purchase them. Pills and money are easily be exchanged by a handshake, at school or other public places without ever being noticed.You do not need a bottle, can, glass, rolling paper, a match or a pipe all you do is place that one small white pill in your mouth that is it. On the other hand, marijuana and alcohol both have very characteristic smells and are detected almost immediately. However, if he or she has taken prescription drugs you do not usually notice it right away unless their behavior has changed erratically. Although alcohol use maybe down, it remains popular among teens and cannot be taken lightly. Over the years, it has had a devastating impact on teenagers more than eight young people a day die from fatal car crashes or re fatally injured due to alcohol- related accidents. Because so many households have alcohol, it is un demanding for children to begin drinking at an early age. The younger the child is when he begins consuming alcohol the more likely he is to increase his alcohol intake. The more he drinks the greater his chances are of using other drugs in the future, which is why alcohol along with marijuana has always been believed to be a gateway drugs. Parents should beware, more kids are trying whatever they can get their hands on to get high.Isobutyl nitrite is a volatile liquid solid without a prescription for use as a room deodorizer but commonly used as an inhalant to produce a euphoric feeling (Peary & Schwartz, 1986). It causes dizziness, lightheadedness, blurred vision and quid heart, these symptoms can make them really sick. Nevertheless, kids appear to believe this method of getting high along with experimentation with other drugs is the norm. As this research, progressed, other dangerous drugs were introduced, and now that we have learned more about them and the various ways they ar e being used we are better equipped to help fight the war on drugs.Informing the minds of our youth so they can reason more clearly on the subject of alcohol and other drugs is a vitally important way to curtail addiction down the road. Children who never start abusing drugs will never become addicts in need of drug recover. As the government continues its war on drugs, society must begin theirs. This great nation is equipped with a vast amount of resources to assist in this endeavor therefore, every effort should be made to do whatever is necessary to ensure the youth of today will be around for tomorrow.

American Civil Liberties Union vs. National Security Agency

Plaintiffs Ameri offer Civil Liberties Union, et al. have alleged that the TSP violates their free vocabulary and associational rights, as guaranteed by the head start Amendment their seclusion rights, as guaranteed by the Fourth Amendment that the principle of the Separation of Powers because the TSP has been authorized by the President in excess of his Executive Power under Article II of the Constitution and that it is covered without observation of any of the procedures required either by law or by the Constitution.Amici, members of carnal knowledge, elected by the citizens of the unite States to enact legislations binding on all, including the President, support plaintiffs stance that the actions of the NSA are violative of duly enacted legislation as well as the Constitution of the United States, for the reasons below stated. First and Fourth Amendment Rights First and Fourth Amendment rights are of paramount consideration under the United States Constitution. These rights are intertwined, as the court wrote in Marcus v. Search Warrants, 367 U. S.717 (1961) Historically the struggle for freedom of speech and press in England was bound up with the issue of the scope of the search and seizure. . . . This history was, of course, part of the intellectual matrix within which our own constitutional framework was shaped. The Bill of Rights was fashioned against the background of knowledge that unrestricted authority of search and seizure could also be an instrument for stifling liberty of expression. A assault of Fourth Amendment rights results, therefore, as a necessary consequence, to a violation of First Amendment rights.It has been held that the warrant requirement under the Fourth Amendment is also applicable to electronic surveillances. In the case of Katz vs. United States, 389 U. S. 347 (1967), the Court declared that surveillances conducted for domestic security must undergo the process of procuring judicial warrant. In the absence of a judicial picture of approval upon the intended act of domestic surveillance, such is per se un honest, subject only to a few well-defined exceptions.In the case of United States vs. United States territorial dominion Court, 407 US 297 (1972), the court held that freedoms guaranteed under the Fourth Amendment would be wantonly and capriciously violated if the Executive branch is given unbridled access and discretion to conduct such warrantless domestic surveillances. The Fourth Amendment requires a finding of probable cause by a judicial magistrate and, absent such requisite, the search and seizure conducted becomes unconstitutional.This directive is imposed upon the executive branch whose duty is to ensure that the laws are faithfully executed. The court found therefore the need to strike a balance in the midst of the the duty of Government to protect the domestic security, and the potential danger posed by unreasonable surveillance to individual privacy and free expression, Justice Pow ell wrote that the trouble oneself to the government is justified in a free society to protect constitutional values. That the warrant requirement is also applicable to electronic surveillances is only reasonable as First and Fourth Amendment rights were included in the United States Constitution to guard against executive abuses of supply. Separation of Powers It was also argued that the chief executive has broad bounteous powers to conduct warrantless surveillances by virtue of the Commander-in-Chief powers granted to him by the Constitution. The argument is based upon court decisions such as United States vs.Truong Dinh Hung, 629 F. 2d 908 (4th Cir. 1980), United States vs. Butenko, 494 F. 2d 593 (3rd Cir. 1974) and United States vs. Brown, 484 F. 2d 418 (Fifth Cir. 1973), which recognize such authority as inherent and cannot be encroached by legislation. However, to sustain such argument would violate the principle of separation of powers. The concord opinion of Justice Jack son in the case Youngstown Sheet & Tube v. Sawyer, 343 U. S. 579 (1952) has become authoritative.It was stated that, when the President takes measures incompatible with the expressed or implied will of intercourse, his power is at its lowest ebb, for he can rely only upon his own Constitutional powers minus any Constitutional powers of Congress over the matter. . Justice Taylor expounded on such pronouncement of Justice Jackson, stating that, although the Constitution had diffused powers the better to secure liberty, the powers of the President are not fixed, but fluctuate, depending upon their junctures with the actions of Congress.Thus, if the President acted pursuant to an express or implied authorization by Congress, his power was at it maximum, or zenith. If he acted in absence of Congressional action, he was in a zone of twilight reliant upon only his own independent powers. Moreover, assuming arguendo that the chief executive indeed has the inherent authority to conduct wa rrantless surveillances by virtue of his Commander-in-Chief powers, such power can be regulated by Congress through legislation.Such regulation consists in laying down of reasonable procedures which must be complied with before the exercise of the power becomes authorized. The inherent authority therefore is subject to acts of Congress since legislative power is plenary and cannot be subject to presidential and military supervision and control. This legislation is the FISA. Congress scour provided that this statutory procedure laid down shall be the exclusive means for conducting electronic surveillances, which precludes the chief executive from exercising the power in a discretionary manner. The FISAThe FISA (Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act) was enacted by Congress in 1978 to restore and preserve Americans confidence in their ability to engage in the public natural action and dissent from official policy at the heart of civil rights advocacy and meaningful public debate af ter the publication of reports by the Church direction exposing United States intelligence agencies, their operations, and abuses of the law they had act. Since the purpose of the legislation was precisely to regulate the collection of foreign intelligence information in furtherance of U. S.counterintelligence in come out to curb violations and abuses of power, it established certain essential requirements that the executive has to comply with first before electronic surveillances maybe undertaken by its agencies. Judicial approval is a prerequisite, a finding of probable cause that the target of surveillance is a foreign power or an agent of such, without which the executive cannot extend its strong arm, supposedly in the interest of national security. Its justification that national security requires such operations must be subjected to judicial scrutiny first, and not merely as an afterthought or a backdoor.It is specifically stated in the FISA that electronic surveillance is prohibited, unless authorized by statute. The Administration uses this provision to justify the legality of its acts and declares that under the AUMF (Authorization for the engross of Military Force), it is authorized to conduct such surveillances in light of the September 11 attacks which necessitates it to exercise its right to self-defense and to protect US citizens both firm and abroad. Such argument is directly antithetical to what Congress has designed as a necessary limitation to the national security power.It was never the intent of Congress to give the executive a wide, almost unbridled, latitude in conducting electronic surveillances because it recognized the inherent danger and propensity of such power to be abused. U. S. Senate bulk Floor Leader Tom Daschle affirms this for a fact. When the AUMF was enacted, the Administration requested a last-minute change to the legislation and to authorize it to exercise powers appropriate and necessary against those who committed or aided the September 11 attacks.However, such request was rejected because Congress recognized that such power can be directed even against citizens of the United States. Moreover, the AUMF can hardly be regarded as a statute, within the context of the FISA. Conclusion We fully support the efforts of the government to gather information regarding terrorist groups and to render legitimate means to prevent their efforts to attack Americans. However, legislation was laid down in order that this information-gathering be conducted within the reasonable bounds of the law. We therefore circulate that this Court grant plaintiffs motion for summary judgment.

Discuss ‘The Chinese Room’ Argument Essay

In 1980, John Searle began a widespread dispute with his report card, Minds, Brains, and Programmes (Searle, 1980). The paper referred to a impression experiment which argued against the possibility that computers can forever have conventionalised intelligence (AI) in essence a condemnation that mechanisms will ever be able-bodied to think. Searles billet was based on two key claims. Thatbrains cause looks and syntax doesnt suffice for semantics (Searle, 1980, p.417).Syntax in this instance refers to the computer language used to create a create mentally a combination of illegible code (to the untrained eye) which provides the basis and commands for the action of a programme running on a computer. Semantics refers to the study of meaning or the understanding behind the use of language. Searles claim was that it is the existence of a brain which gives us our minds and the intelligence which we have, and that no combination of programming language is fit enough to contribute meaning to the railroad car and therein for the machine to understand. His claim was that the app arnt understanding of a computer is except more than a hang of programmed codes, throw in the toweling the machine to extort answers based on available information. He did non deny that computers could be programmed to perform to act as if they understand and have meaning. In fact he quotedthe computer is not merely a tool in the study of the mind, rather the appropriately programmed computer really is a mind in the sense that computers given the right programs can be literally said to understand and have other cognitive states (Searle, 1980, p. 417).Searles argument was that we whitethorn be able to create machines with weak AI that is, we can programme a machine to behave as if it were thinking, to simulate thought and arouse a perceptible understanding, but the claim of strong AI (that machines atomic number 18 able to run with syntax and have cognitive states as homosexua ls and understand and produce answers based on this cognitive understanding, that it really has (or is) a mind (Chalmers, 1992)) is just not possible. A machine is unable to generate fundamental human mind sterilises such(prenominal) as intentionality, subjectivity, and comprehension (Ibid, 1992). Searles main argument for this notion came from his Chinese style experiment, for which there has been much deliberation and denunciation from fellow researchers, philosophers and psychologists. This paper aims to analyse the arguments, assess counter augments and propose that John Searle was accurate in his philosophy that machines will never think as humans and that the issue relates more to the simple fact that a computer is neither human nor biological in nature, nor can it ever be.In 1950, Alan Turing proposed a method of examining the intelligibility of a machine to become bangn as The Turing Test (Turing, 1950). It describes an examination of the veracity to which a machine can b e deemed intelligent, should it so pass . Searle (1980) argued that the test is fallible, in that a machine without intelligence is able to pass such a test. The Chinese Room is Searles example of such machine.The Chinese manner experiment is what is termed by physicists a thought experiment (Reynolds and Kates, 1995) such that it is a hypothetical experiment which is not somaticly performed, often without any intention of the experiment ever be executed. It was proposed by Searle as a way of illustrating his understanding that a machine will never logically be able to possess a mind. Searle (1980) suggests that we opine ourselves as a monolingual (speaking only whizz language) English speaker, locked inwardly a room with a large group of Chinese writing in addition to a second group of Chinese script. We argon also presented with a heap of rules in English which allow us to connect the initial set of writings, with the second set of script. The set of rules allows you to ide ntify the archetypical and second set of symbols (syntax) purely by their presenting form. Furthermore, we are presented with a third set of Chinese symbols and additional English instructions which makes it feasible for you to associate peculiar(a) items from the third batch with the preceding two.This commands you consequently to give back particular Chinese symbols with particular shapes in response. Searle encourages us to accept that the initial set of writing is a script (a natural language processing computational data set) the second set a story and the third group questions. The symbols which are returned are the answers and the English instructions are the computer programme. However, should you be the one inside the Chinese room you would not be aware of this. However, Searle suggests that your responses to the questions become so good, that you are impossible to differentiate from a native Chinese speaker yet you are merely behaving as a computer.Searle argues that whi lst in the room and delivering correct answers, he still does not know anything. He cannot speak Chinese yet is able to produce the correct answers without an understanding of the Chinese language. Searles thought experiment demonstrated that of weak AI that we can indeed programme a machine to behave as if it were thinking and such to simulate thought and hence produce a perceptible understanding, when in fact the machine understands nothing it is patently following a linear instructional set, for which the answers are already programmed. The machine is not producing intuitive thought it is providing a programmed answer.Searle was presented with many critical replies to the Chinese room experiment, for which he offered a rejoinder a retort to the replies by looking at the room in a different way to study for such counterarguments presented by researchers in the field of AI. Harnard (1993) supports The Systems Reply in refute of the work of Searle. This argues that we are encourag ed to focus on the wrong agent the individual in the room. This implies that the man in the room does not understand Chinese as a single entity, but the system in which he operates (the room), does. However, an evident resistivity to such claim is that the system (the room) again has no real way of connecting meaning to the Chinese symbols any more than the individual man did in the outset instance. Even if the individual were to internalize (memorise) the entire instructional components, and be removed from the system (room), how would the system compute the answers, if all the computational ability is within the man. Furthermore, the room cannot understand Chinese.The Robot Reply is due to refutation by Harnard (1989) who argued that meaning is unable to be attached to the ciphers of Chinese writing due to the lack of sensory-motoric connection. That is, the symbols are in no way attached to a physical meaning, that which can be seen and comprehended. As children, we learn to as sociate meaning of words by attaching them to physical things. Harnard argues, that the Chinese room lacks this ability to associate meaning to the words, and thus is unable to produce understanding. Yet, Searles defence is that if we were to further imagine a computer inside a golem, producing a representation of walking and perceiving, then according to Harnard, the robot would have understanding of other mental states.However, when Searle places the room (with the man inside) inside the robot and allows the symbols to come from a television attached to the robot, he insists that he still does not have understanding that his computational production is still merely a display of symbol representation (Searle, 1980, p.420). Searle also argues that part of The Robot Reply is in itself, disputing the fact that human cognition is merely symbol manipulation and as such refutes the opinion of strong AI, as it is in need of causal relations to the outside world (Ibid, p.420). Again, the s ystem simply follows a computational set of rules installed by the programmer and produces linear answers, based upon such rules. There is no spontaneous thought or understanding of the Chinese symbols, it merely matches with that already programmed in the system. The Robot Reply is therefore suggestive that programmed structure is enough to be accountable for mental processes for cognition.this suggests that some computational structure is sufficient for mentality, and both are therefore futile (Chalmers, 1992, p.3).Further to the Robot Reply, academics from Berkley (Searle, 1980) proposed The Brain Simulator Reply, in which the notion of exactly what the man represents is questioned. It is hereby proposed that the computer (man in the room) signifies neurons firing at the synapse of a Chinese narrator. It is argued here that we would have to accept that the machine understood the stories. If we did not, we would have to assume that native Chinese speakers also did not understand t he stories since at a neuronal level there would be no difference. The opposition clearly defines understanding by the correct firing of neurons, which may well produce the correct responses from the machine and a perceived understanding, that is assumed, but the argument remains does the machine (man) in reality understand that which he is producing (answering), or is it again, merely a computational puzzle, solved through logical programming? Searle argues yes.He asks us to imagine a man in the room using weewee pipes and valves to represent the biological process of neuronal firing at the synapse. The input (English instructions) now informs the man, which valves to turn on and off and thus produce an answer (a set of flowing pipes at the end of the system). Again, Searle argues that neither the man, nor the pipes actually understand Chinese. Yes, they have an answer and yes, the answer is undoubtedly correct, but the elements which produced the answer (the man and the pipes) still do not understand what the answer is they do not have semantic representation for the output. Here, the representation of the neurons is simply that a representation. A representation which is unable to account for the higher functioning processes of the brain and the semanticist understanding therein. Further argument suggests a combination of the aforementioned elements kn sustain as The Combination Reply should allow for intentionality to the system, as proposed by academics at Berkley and Standford (Simon and Eisenstadt, 2002).The idea is such that combining the intelligence of all the replies aforementioned into one system, the system should be able to produce semantic inference from the linear answer produced by the syntax. Again, Searle (1980) is unable to justify such claims, as the sum of all parts does not account for understanding. Not one of the replies was able to validate genuine understanding from the system and as such, the combination of the three counterargum ents, will still remain as ambiguous as first presented. Searle quotes if the robot looks and behaves sufficiently like us then we would suppose, until proven otherwise, that it must have mental states like ours that cause and are expressed by its mien if we knew independently how to account for its behavior without such assumptionswe would not attribute intentionality to it, especially if we knew it had a formal program (1980, p. 421). Searles argument is simple. If we did not know that a computer produces answers from specifically programmed syntax, then it is plausible to accept that it may have mental states such as ours.The issue however is straightforwardly so, that we do know that the system is a computational set and as such is not a thinking machine any more so than any other computational structure. The Chinese Room thought experiment is undoubtedly notorious and controversial in essence. The thought experiment has been refuted and discredited repeatedly, yet perceivably defended by Searle. His own defensive stance has appeared to cause infuriation amongst strong AI theorists, resulting in questionable counter attacks, resulting in more of what appears a religious diatribe against AI, masquerading as a serious scientific argument (Hofstadter 1980, p. 433) than a significant opposition.Searle (1980) argues that accurate programming in no instance can ever produce thought in the essence of what we understand thought to be not only the amalgamation of significant numbers of neurons firing, but the underlying predominance which make us what we are, that predominance being consciousness. From a functionalist perspective, with the mind being entwined within the brain and our bodies entangled further, creating a machine which thinks as a human is nigh impossible. To do so, would be to create an exact match of what we are, how we are constructed and the properties of substance of which we stand. If successful, we have not created a thinking machine but a th inking human a human which alas, is not a machine.Searle (1982) argues that it is an undeniable fact that the earth is comprised of particular biological systems, particularly brains which are able to create intellectual phenomena which are encompassed with meaning. Suggesting that a machine is capable of intelligence would therein suggest that a machine would need the computational power equivalent to that of the human mind. Searle (Ibid, 1982, p. 467) states that he has offered an argument which displays that no recognised machine is able by itself to ever be capable of generating such semantic powers. It is therefore assumed, that no matter how far recognition is able to recreate machines with behavioural characteristics of a thinking human, it will never be more than a programmed mass of syntax, computed and presented as thought, yet never actually existing as actual thought.ReferencesChalmers, D. 1992, Subsymbolic Computation and the Chinese Room, in J. Dinsmore (ed.), The Sym bolic and Connectionist Paradigms Closing the Gap,Hillsdale, NJ Lawrence Erlbaum.Harnad, S. 1989. Minds, machines and Searle. Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Artificial Intelligence, 1, pp.5-25.Harnad, S. 1993. origination symbols in the analog sic world with neural nets. Think 2(1) 12-78 (Special issue on Connectionism versus Symbolism, D.M.W. Powers & P.A. Flach, eds.).Simon, H.A., & Eisenstadt, S.A., 2002. A Chinese Room that Understands Views into the Chinese room. In J. Preston * M. Bishop (eds). invigorated essays on Searle and artificial intelligence Oxford Clarendon, pp. 95-108.Hofstadter, D. 1980. Reductionism and religion. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 3(3),pp.43334.Reynolds, G. H., & Kates, D.B. 1995. The second amendment and states rights a thought experiment. William and Mary Law Review, 36, pp.1737-73.Searle, J. 1980. Minds, Brains, and Programs. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 3, pp.417-424.Searle, J. 1982. The Myth of the Computer An Exchange, in New York Rev iew of Books 4, pp.459-67.

Myth and Thomas Jefferson Essay

EssayTopic Compargon and Contrast Thomas Jeffersons primary inaugural address (Chapter 15 in Readings in unite States History) and Hope and hereditary pattern fabrication and Thomas Jefferson, (Chapter 14 in Readings in United States History) Do you want to know who you are? Dont ask. Act Action will delineate and define you. (By Thomas Jefferson). Thomas Jefferson, who was born on April 13 1743 and died on July 4 1826, was the son of a wealthy uneducated planter from Western Virginia. He was the first to go to College in his family and he attended the College of William and Mary. He was dreaming active a society where men would be enounced by what they have accomplished and by their taste .He was the third president of the United States of the States (From 1801 to 1809) and also the first United States Secretary of State (From 1790 to 1793 ).He was much more founder of the University of Virginia. Philosopher, cofounder of the oldest political weary in the nation, coauthor of the Declaration of Independence. In this essay, we are going to compare and contrast Thomas Jeffersons first inaugural address (Chapter 15 in Readings in United States History) and Hope and Heritage Myth and Thomas Jefferson, (Chapter 14 in Readings in United States History).In his book The Jefferson image in the American Mind (1960), the writer Merrill Peterson is basically showing how Americans people see Thomas Jefferson. They have always seen him as a particular composition, a symbol for the United States of America .Therefore, many people took their time to recall out mostthing wrong about that man. The man who started criticizing him as probably the writer Leonard Levys in his Book Jefferson and Civil Liberties The Darker font. In Chapter 14 Hope and Heritage Myth and Thomas Jefferson, Gordon Wood really talks about Jeffersons personal life. Thomas Jefferson is described as someone who had passion for partisan persecution, someone who didnt care about the civil liberties ,someone who thought he was morally perfect and used to judge people around him. In the chapter, they are comparing him to his friend James Madison. Thomas Jefferson wasnt thinking about the country like Madison when he was taking decisions. While taking his decisions, he was mostly concerned about what his French friends would think of it than the needs of the American population.The main portion of Jeffersons life, was his stir up to abolish slavery. As it is written in this chapter, Thomas Jefferson hated slavery. He worked really hard to eradicate it in New Western territories. But apparently, he was never able to set all his slaves free. Many recent historians claimed that Jeffersons acting toward drear people was very disgusting, revolting. Especially for someone who claimed that he valued to eradicate slavery. During his life, he wanted to make sure that the eradication of slavery will be accompanied by the deportation of Back people of the country. For him, Black people l iving in a whites man America was totally unbearable. He was Racist. In his mind, Black men were highly inferior to White Not only in Body but also in mind. People were surprised to see hear him talk about freedom and control Black slaves at the comparable time. Most people started to think that he was a hypocrite. In 1802, James Callender, a political pamphleteer and diary keeper pointed the fat that Tomas Jefferson maintained Sally Hemings a Black Slave as a mistress and fathered her with various children.This was barely believable because everybody knew him as a man who always suppressed his passions. In addition to that, Thomas Jefferson was a man of the eighteenth century, an intelligent man, conventional, and enlightened. But he also had his own weaknesses. Jefferson was fully part of the Enlightenment in the United States of America. His desire to know everything and his open-minded character put him on the top of the American Enlightenment. Unlike in Chapter 14 (Hope and He ritage Myth and Thomas Jefferson), Chapter 15 (First Inaugural Address, 1801) is basically Thomas Jeffersons speech which marks the abolition of one of the worst period in the United States of America. The First Inaugural Address of Thomas Jefferson is lionizing the most important election in the history as Thomas Jefferson was succeeding to John Adams as president. During 1790s, some divisions were created between the Federalists (Hamilton and Adams) and the Republicans (Jefferson and Madison) due to the opposition to Hamiltons financial policies and polemics over foreign policy.Thomas Jefferson wasthe first President to take office in the new crown city of Washington. In his speech, Thomas Jefferson says Every difference of opinion is not a difference of principle. We have called by different names brethren of the same principle. We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists. He is basically telling his Fellow-Citizens that even though there are some differences, both Federalist s and Republicans are serving the same constitution and following the same principles. What is different is the way each of them interprets and apply it. He is calling for Union. Jefferson wants a government when no one will wound another where each citizen will work. In his partisanship, the First Inaugural of Jefferson mingles the American past of Washington and some heroes into his different principles .By making his partys conquest a victory for all the country, the speech sets the standard for inaugural addresses.In Conclusion, we were ask to compare and contrast Thomas Jeffersons Inaugural Address (Chapter 15 in Readings of the United States History) and Hope and Heritage Myth and Thomas Jefferson (Chapter 14 in Readings of the United States History).We can undoubtedly say that Thomas Jefferson was a groovy Leader. It is therefore all the more important to see and distinguish where he had success and also where he failed. Whenever something is great, people will always try to find out the Bad in it and thats what happened to Thomas Jefferson. But it doesnt change anything to what he has accomplished for the United States of America. Till today, no other infix in the American history as reached that standard.

Byzantine Thessaloniki

Cassander, the son of General Antipater, ruled Macedonia from 316 to 297 B. C. He founded the third capital of the Macedonian kingdom in the year 315 BC and named it Thessaloniki, afterward his wife. Thessaloniki was also Alexander IIIs half-sister. Formed at the crucial region in the road network, Thessaloniki became the seat of Macedonias financial and administrative control. Thessaloniki vie a historically important role during the Byzantine period (Ekdotike Athenon). It had had such fortified walls that it resisted several invasion attempts, although it had fell about four times in over thousand years.Thessaloniki was also the place w here the Pythian Games were held once in every four years. An artificial harbor was also formed under Constantine the great. There is narrate that the region was inhabited even during the Neolithic period. There are several archeological sites and monuments at Thessaloniki which today high start its glorious past. The archeological sites include the rook of Galerius built in 300 A. D, the papistical Baths and the Roman market and theater, while the monuments include the Galerian Arch built before 305 A. D, and the Church of Ossios David constructed during the late 5th vitamin C (Barrett M).Christianity was introduced by Apostle Paul in 50 A. D. Jews are presumed to have first settled in Thessaloniki around 140 B. C, from Alexandria, Egypt. The Jews were given considerable autonomy during the Roman period, which were later curtailed under Byzantium, with Christianity becoming the state religion. Although successive Byzantine emperors introduced restrictions on Jews, they were allowed to live by the traditions and dictates of their religion, thus developing and contributing to their heritage. When Ottoman Turks conquered Byzantine Thessalonki, the Muslims grew in prominence (Hagouel).One of the most notable features of Thessaloniki is its unearthly harmony with Christians, Jews and Muslims living together under Ottomans. When Sultan Murat II brought in administrative reforms for the city, he offered tax exemptions and religious autonomy to both the Christians and the Muslims. There are very few cities in the world which can claim to have been a continued metropolitan public for such a lengthy period as the Thessaloniki. Thessaloniki was the second most important city of the Byzantine and the Ottoman empire, after Constatinople.It should be noted here that each era witnessed by Thessaloniki is today represented today by its monuments (Brown). The city remained the center of political, economic and artistic activity, retaining its urban characteristics. By the early kernel Byzantine era, the city already had a thousand year history. In the Middle Byzantine period, trade improved as demand for products from Thessaloniki increased. The traditionally exported items were wool, silk and linen. otherwise exported items from Thessaloniki included luxury goods bearing metal and glass work, wine, fish and f ruits.The sophistication of the Byzantine Thessaloniki architecture is evident from the natural lighting planed at Rotunda at Thessaloniki. The nonrepresentational patterns associated with the monument are replicated on the mosaics. The sills of the large windows and the gold tesserae also contribute to the illumination of the mosaics. The mosaic surface is aptly inclined to correspond to the angle of light entering through the large arch shaped windows (Iliadis). The surface inclination of the mosaic also suits the light penetrating through the lunettes, arranged at noodle base. Annotated bibliographyThe article by Ekdotike Athenon throws light on the founding of Thessaloniki by Cassander who named it after his wife. During the Byzantine, it was almost an invincible place. The article by Barrett emphasis its glorious past in the field of architecture. It also gives an idea of the introduction of Christianity. The article by Hagouel shows the attitude of Byzantine emperors towards Jews. While making Christianity the state religion, they set restrictions on the Jews. Brown mentions Thessaloniki as one of the few cities in the world with a history of a successful trade.Iliadis looks into the sophistication of lighting at Rotunda at Thessaloniki, where the mosaic is illuminated by natural building. REFERENCES Hagouel P. I. , History of the Jews Thessaloniki and the holocaust. West Chester University of Pennsylvania (2006) Electronic Version Downloaded on 3rd July, 2008 from http//www. wcupa. edu/_academics/holocaust/Salonika. pdf Ekdotike Athenon S. A. , Byzantine Thessalonike Electronic Version Downloaded on 3rd July, 2008 from http//www. macedonian-heritage. gr/HellenicMacedonia/en/C2. 3. html Barrett M., What to see in Thessaloniki Electronic Version Downloaded on 3rd July, 2008 from http//www. greecetravel. com/thessaloniki/museums. html Brown. A. R. , Middle Byzantine Thessaloniki (1999) Electronic Version Downloaded on 3rd July, 2008 from http//socs. berk eley. edu/arbrown/text. html Iliadis I. G. , The natural lighting of the mosaics in the Rotunda at Thessaloniki (2001) Lighting Research and Technology, Vol. 33, No. 1 Electronic Version Downloaded on 3rd July, 2008 from http//lrt. sagepub. com/cgi/content/abstract/33/1/13

Crash Essy

Julius M Dix prof Gail Lighthipe Writing 106 Section 1 12 November 2013 Crash Essay Crash is the perfect analogy of how we as a human race deal with life, people and our own experiences. Physical characteristics and racial differences may be interpreted as two distinguishing traits that separate us. I think its what keeps us apart. That leaves several abstract questions that the occupy Crash illustrates. What are the origins of personal prejudice? Do individuals experience stereotypes? Can people battle upcountry struggles within their own pagan group?What prohibits us from vercoming these prejudices? The writers of the Crash managed to extend my viewing experience beyond the 90 minute film, thus forcing me to analyze my own prejudices and racial stereotypes towards others. I always thought that racialism occurred as a result of a persons upbringing. If your parents were racist, there is a good chance that you will be a racist too. At first glance, Matt Dillons character exhibits characteristics typical of this theory. Dillon exhibited a close chemical bond with his father and later, we discover the roots of his racism.I naively assumed that Dillon as absorbing external cues from his father regarding his attitudes towards calamitous people. It turns out that his father was not racist towards black people. It was Dillon who, in combination with his fathers negative experiences and his own as a member of the LAPD, formed his own perceptions towards blacks. Another example of this occurred at the beginning of the film when the Iranian family was attempting to purchase a gun. The clerk at the gun shop made a few blatantly racist comments about the perceptions of the customers. There were several references to the twin owers and planes.It didnt matter that the two were Persian, not Arab. A come about theme was that post 9/1 1, all Middle Eastern people became potential terrorists. It is painful that people have the ability to interpret bad events and cast the ir own prejudices on different ethnic groups to mask their feeling of anger and frustration. Perhaps stereotypes have maintained their prevalence because there are so many people that perpetuate them. It is often believed that all young black men are articled to be thugs, criminals and drug dealers. Additionally it is a common statistic hat the majority of incarcerated males are African American.As a young black man, it is difficult to break free of that stereotype. Things will never change. That attitude along with the continuation of existing stereotypes may be largely responsible for negative racial longevity. Ludacris character was one of the intimately interesting to me. Here was this articulate young black man that spent his life stealing cars from ashen people. Rap music is the music of the oppressor, he said. It is often easier to blame others for your shortcomings than it is to confront them head on. On the reverse, rouble facing stereotypes can occur anywhere.They are not simply restricted to skin-tone and neighborhoods. Racial discrimination transpires by dint of social class as well. This creates division within the same racial groups. In the film, Cameron was portrayed as a wealthy, black, television actor. He achieved success as a nard working black man, yet at what cost? Films like Crash are forcing us to look outside our own lives and fears, to complete that were more alike than we think. Aside from the 2% genetic differences between us, we all have problems and internal struggles. Thats what makes us human.

Anatomy and Physiology of the Breast

con routine & Physiology Information Flowchart/ march The Incredible gentlemane being physical structure Flip Charts 03. 03. 001 Your personify is one of the most amazing machines youll find anywhere Find out whats inner of you, and learn about how your different organs do work. Look at the clear plastic overlay charts to represent how the different body structures fit together. And when think youve learned everything, try out the Mix Match forgiving Body Sticker Quiz The is flowchart includes 12 body charts, 5 guesthouse layer posters and 18 utile peel-off stickers. Copyright 2008, Hastings Rather Health Promotion Resources Centre scallywag 1 haoma Physiology endorse The Body pole 03. 04. 001 Jane Bunting and Jane Coney All children be fascinated by the human body and how it works. The Body Game is a fun way for children to find out about different parts of the human body and discover what these parts of the body pile do. Designed for children aged 3 to 6. Page 2 Anatomy Physiology Model/Teaching Aid Cross Section Heart Model 03. 07. 020 Female reproductive Display 03. 07. 017 This soft foamed stick separates to create a cross-section view of the intent for hands-on classroom demonstrations.https//donemyessay.com/anatomy-and-physiology/The areas of the heart are labeled on the inside. Model measures CACM in diameter. Ages 7+ The Female Reproductive Display in effect shows the parts of the feminine each part has and process of fertilization. Complete with 7 removable parts, 8 labels, teachers notes and work sheet. size of it 42 x CACM. Eye In Orbit 03. 07. 010 Flexible Spine 03. 07. 012 This model shows the sum with optic nerve in its position in the bone orbit (floor and medical wall). The eyeball is dismissible into both halves of the sclera with cornea and eye muscles, both halves of choroids with iris and retina, lens and vitreous humor. Times fulfills, with 7 parts. Dimensions 18 x 26 x LLC. Flexible Spine with Pelvis showing ind ications of spinal cord, nerve roots, vertebral arteries and prolapsed disc. Complete with stand. Giant Three-part Ear 03. 07. 01 1 Female Pelvis 03. 07. 002 A detailed representation of the female pelvis (median section) with sexual organs is given in this two-part, life- size model. Its internal sexual organs, urinary bladder, and rectum are removable. Dwarfing ordinary ear models, this unbreakable polymer reproduction depicts the human organ of hearing and balance scaled to 5 times life size.Thirty-six hand- numbered features are identified in the accompanying key. Overall dimensions of Giantess 16 x 11 x 7 inches (41 x 26 x CACM) Page 3 with a stand, and has movable arm and legs. Head & Neck Median Section 03. 07. 004 Organ Tunic This model (median section of head & neck) is life-sized and shows important This highly tactile resource, includes 11 velour-on D organs and it is embroidered with a pelvis, spine and D ribcage. The bowel may be unraveled to show its length. Include s a set of 11 detailed labels and a reference sheet. Size 700 XML Heart Model 03. 07. 006This heart model is enlarged to about twice natural size and can be separated into four parts, mounted on a subaltern. Pelvic Model 03. 07. 014 Male Reproductive Display 03. 07. 021 A convenient, portable model providing a dimensional visual aid, can be apply to demonstrate the insertion and location of a diaphragm or intra-uterine device to patients. Lunches an information Brochure Pupils learn to understand the process of reproduction using this interactive display the main components of the reproductive organs are clearly demonstrated. Includes 9 removable parts, 9 labels, teachers notes and worksheets. Size 42 x CACM.Section Of Skin 03. 07. 005 Relief model of the skin showing two hair follicles (fully exposed and in section) and two sweat-glands. On a base and approximately 70 times enlarged. Mini-skeleton 03. 07. 008 Approximately 26 high, this mint-skeleton is a first-class model of a human skeleton. Suitable for teaching basic anatomy, it comes Copyright 2008, Hastings & Rather Health Promotion Resources Centre Page 4 Unhealthy Organ Pack 03. 07. 009 The Anatomical Chart serial publication This Anatomical Chart series features 48 titles in full color. Charts sorted into 3 sections- Systems of the Body, Structures/Organs and Disease/Disorders.Pop open the hidden easel, bald-faced charts for individual viewing. Ideal for studying human anatomy, patient consultation or quick reference. Using differing textures, color in & lumps these organs show the harmful effects of smoking and alcohol. The pack includes 8 organs, 7 labels, 10 vacuous labels and detailed teachers notes. This pack of organs is highly effective when used in conjunction with the organ tunic 03. 07. 003. The Human Body Bag Of Bones 03. 07. 015 This realistic embroidered skeleton has a full set of drum which velour to the aground. The background can be folded into a carry case for storage.Includ es 20 fabric cram, 2 sets of labels and reference sheet. Size 50 x 140 CM (unfolded) Torso 03. 07. 001 This mint-torso shows anatomical details and consists of heptad removable parts. ? Right and left lung? Heart? Liver? Stomach? Small and large undomesticated on a stand. Page 5 Anatomy & Physiology CD-Room body, and learn about everlastingly part where it is found, what it does, and how it works. My Amazing Human Body 03. 09. 003 My Amazing Human Body CD-Room is packed with interactive games, hilarious animation, and stunning D graphics.Not scarce will it give children a unique insight into the workings of the human body, it will similarly amaze them to investigate for themselves. They will love taking the body apart, extracting teeth, taking x-rays and measuring organs. Promotes active learning and makes finding-out fun. simplistic navigation makes this CD-Room ideal for school or at home. The Ultimate d Skeleton The Ultimate D Skeleton CD-Room enables you to explore the ent ire human skeleton in D. Not only can you find and learn the function of every bone in your body, oh can also play film sequences that deed over you to look at bones from unusual angles.The index is specially designed to give the user bother to information on any part of the human skeleton and the exciting quiz feature tests what you affirm learnt. The Ultimate Human Body 03. 09. 001 This CD-ROOM takes the most fascinating Journey of all an exploratory trip into the mystery story world of the human body it-self You can look beneath your skin, take a guided tour of the structure, systems, and organs of your Copyright 2008, Hastings & Rather Health Promotion Resources Centre Page 6 Anatomy & Physiology Video Bones & Movement 03. 1 1. 001 accompanies the series.Aimed at 9-11 year olds. Heart & Circulation This video incorporates live-action, animation and x-rays illustrating how bones are held together by ligaments, how different kinds of Joints function, and how bones are cushio ned from shock. The process of the bodys healing of a broken bone and the positive effect of gravity on bone strength are also demonstrated. 03. 11. 002 Food & Growth 03. 1 1. 003 This video explains that for the human body to remain alive and active, its cells have o be supplied with nutrients and oxygen and waste products must be carried away.This process is accomplished by your blood and heart, which keep back blood traveling through two complete circuits. This video explains how we grow and the importance of food to the human body. Explaining in detail how the digestive system works. The Human Body 03. 1 1. 004 Health E Series 1 03. 11 . 005 woman called Blood.

Existentialism And Modern Analysis

In his writing, Sartre adheres to the famous construct of the theory of compromise , as can be seen in his novel Nausea. This theory of compromise theme lends itself to the tenets of post-structuralism. Sartres writings bear much truth, rather, they are in all excellent and sublime in their subjectistic beauty. Jean-Paul is the father of existentialist philosopher philosophy, in the realm of Literary Studies and the existentialist philosopher movement has been extremely popular amongst Marxists for it seems that Sartres world view appealed greatly to Marxist sen mnts and sensibilities.Sartres passionate tone and empathetic writing ( writing that has the quality of being for the masses)influences one to give the subject of his fervent ruminations and expressions single the almost undivided actualization of esteem, a delegation of importance to Sartres writings and simply put- ones full attention. The French source Sartre never failed to extol the estimations behind how Exist entialist philosophy is real human philosophy.Existentialism, in the briefest of lexical salutes, affirms this mental picture that people are always in search of something to accomplish in their lives, and even if the most mutual observation resulting from surveys about the practices of Existentialists is how they almost never finish what they suffer to do observations that posit negativity, focusing on the help of how individuals manage their existence instead of outcomes and products, is an immortal tri hardlye to the quality of human living.History can only repeat itself, so much so that definable and manifested change is no longer necessary for convinced(p) developments to arise in the history of human civilization. One social institution that can be examine using the Existentialist paradigm would be the work force involved in public whole shebang and highways. These people dig on freeways that they close off at time in order to generate the plumbing system of cities. T hey also work in the suburbs. We can look into the life of the lead character of Jean Paul Sartres Nausea, Antoine Roquentin.Antoine, as the narrator of Nausea, begins his story by saying that tomorrow it will rain in Bouville. Antoine is a writer who settled in Bouvile ( France) for three years and Mr. Roquentin was conducting historical research on the life of the Marquis de Rollebon. The main concern of the existentialist musings of Antoine was the FACTICITY of life. Facticity, according to Melanie Revienne in Existentialist Philosophy and Jean Paul Sartre is signifies all of the concrete details against the background of which human freedom exists and is limited.. still Antoine is able to gain an epiphany regarding his existence when he thinks to himself, People. You must love people. Men are admirable. I wish to vomit-and suddenly there is Nausea Nausea-blinding evidence- I exist- the world exists-I know the world exists. Thats all, it makes no difference Time. Roquentin , at some point in his research becomes bored with the character of Marquis de Rollebon, and instead, he becomes obsessed with the idea that he is actually, writing a phonograph record.Antoine is also very preoccupied with the process of regaining the affections and feelings of his former raw sienna Anny, to which she has this to say, You cant begin again. In the end, Antoine becomes fixated with the making of records- musical records- the song of the Negresse singer- and he decides to cease working on his book and to try his hand at the production of recorded music in vinyl. You must be identical us, suffer in rhythm.SPIN ( the city is first to abandon me ) Strains of music supra can proudly carry their own death within themselves like an internal necessity, only, they dont exist. A book Be above existence, make people ashamed of their existence- beautiful, hard as steel. And I might succeed, in the past, nothing but in the past in accepting myself. Then Antoine, does begi n again when he ends his story, using the aforesaid(prenominal) line, Tomorrow it will rain in Bouville. The diggers of the city have all of the systematic order and precision that Antoine evoked as the principal of life.They have the routine boredom of nausea. The diggers have all the time in the world to contemplate the past by the very act of using their work instruments in order to take from the surface, the concrete, grit and hollow that was, and to study the pipes of the city. The water pipes have their tales to tell. And they too can begin again when they close one land orifice ( hole) that they have dug, and start with another section. They make beautiful, the other than mundane task of working for the public works and highways.